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Connect With Us. Procedures vary depending on the level of precautions required. In Summary. Proper hand hygiene should always be performed using an alcohol-based solution. Medics raise alarm over substandard PPEs in circulation Supplies from Kemsa allegedly include both good and poor quality gear. Nuclear power should be postponed for now.
Latest Videos. Uhuru helped me scale the mountain, Ruto says. Ruto speaks on unity following hostile reception in Busia. Chemical removal of surface contaminants can be accomplished by dissolving them in a solvent. The solvent must be chemically compatible with the equipment being cleaned. This is particularly important when decontaminating personal protective clothing constructed of organic materials that could be damaged or dissolved by organic solvents.
In addition, care must be taken in selecting, using, and disposing of any organic solvents that may be flammable or potentially toxic. Organic solvents include alcohols, ethers, ketones, aromatics, straight-chain alkanes, and common petroleum products. Halogenated solvents generally are incompatible with personal protective equipment and are toxic.
They should only be used for decontamination in extreme cases where other cleaning agents will not remove the contaminant. Table 2 provides a general guide to the solubility of several contaminant categories in four types of solvents: water, dilute acids, dilute bases, and organic solvents.
Because of the potential hazards, decontamination using chemicals should be done only if recommended by an industrial hygienist or other qualified health professional. Table 2. Many factors, such as cost, availability, and ease of implementation, influence the selection of a decontamination method. From a health and safety standpoint, two key questions must be addressed:. Decontamination methods vary in their effectiveness for removing different substances.
The effectiveness of any decontamination method should be assessed at the beginning of a program and periodically throughout the lifetime of the program. If contaminated materials are not being removed or are penetrating protective clothing, the decontamination program must be revised. The following methods may be useful in assessing the effectiveness of decontamination. There is no reliable test to immediately determine how effective decontamination is.
In some cases, effectiveness can be estimated by visual observation. Wipe testing provides after-the-fact information on the effectiveness of decontamination.
In this procedure, a dry or wet cloth, glass fiber filter paper, or swab is wiped over the surface of the potentially contaminated object and then analyzed in a laboratory. Both the inner and outer surfaces of protective clothing should be tested. Skin may also be tested using wipe samples. Another way to test the effectiveness of decontamination procedures is to analyze for contaminants left in the cleaning solutions. Elevated levels of contaminants in the final rinse solution may suggest that additional cleaning and rinsing are needed.
Testing for the presence of permeated chemical contaminants requires that pieces of the protective garments be sent to a laboratory for analysis.
While decontamination is performed to protect health and safety, it can pose hazards under certain circumstances. Decontamination methods may:. The chemical and physical compatibility of the decontamination solutions or other decontamination materials must be determined before they are used.
Any decontamination method that permeates, degrades, damages, or otherwise impairs the safe functioning of the PPE is incompatible with such PPE and should not be used. If a decontamination method does pose a direct health hazard, measures must be taken to protect both decontamination personnel and the workers being decontaminated. The level and types of decontamination procedures required depend on several sitespecific factors including:.
Decontamination procedures must provide an organized process by which levels of contamination are reduced. The decontamination process should consist of a series of procedures performed in a specific sequence. For example, outer, more heavily contaminated items e.
Each procedure should be performed at a separate station in order to prevent cross contamination. The sequence of stations is called the decontamination line. Stations should be separated physically to prevent cross contamination and should be arranged in order of decreasing contamination, preferably in a straight line.
Separate flow patterns and stations should be provided to isolate workers from different contamination zones containing incompatible wastes. Personnel who wish to enter clean areas of the decontamination facility, such as locker rooms, should be completely decontaminated.
Examples of decontamination lines and procedures for personnel wearing various levels of protection are provided in an appendix to this section. Buckets, brushes, clothing, tools, and other contaminated equipment should be collected, placed in containers, and labeled.
Also, all spent solutions and wash water should be collected and disposed of properly. Decontamination workers who initially come in contact with personnel and equipment leaving the Exclusion Zone will require more protection from contaminants than decontamination workers who are assigned to the last station in the decontamination line.
In some c-ases, decontamination personnel should wear the same levels of PPE as workers in the Exclusion Zone. In other cases, decontamination personnel may be sufficiently protected by wearing one level lower protection e. The level of protection required will vary with the type of decontamination equipment used. For example, workers using a steam jet may need a different type of respiratory protection than other decontamination personnel because of the high moisture levels produced by steam jets.
In some situations, the cleaning solutions used and wastes removed during decontamination may generate harmful vapors. Appropriate equipment and clothing for protecting decontamination personnel should be selected by a qualified health and safety expert.
An decontamination workers are in a contaminated area and must themselves be decontaminated before entering the clean Support Zone.
The extent of their decontamination should be determined by the types of contaminants they may have contacted and the type of work they performed. In addition to routine decontamination procedures, emergency decontamination procedures must be established. In an emergency, the primary concern is to prevent the loss of life or severe injury to site personnel.
If immediate medical treatment is required to save a life, decontamination should be delayed until the victim is stabilized. If decontamination can be performed without interfering with essential life-saving techniques or first aid, or if a worker has been contaminated with an extremely toxic or corrosive material that could cause severe injury or loss of life, decontamination must be performed immediately.
If an emergency due to a heat-related illness develops, protective clothing should be removed from the victim as soon as possible to reduce the heat stress. During an emergency, provisions must also be made for protecting medical personnel and disposing of contaminated clothing and equipment. If No, Arrow to box on left side below Take additional measures to prevent contamination or find another decontamination method. Consult specialists if necessary. If Yes, Arrow to second box below Are the decontamination materials compatible with the hazardous substances present?
If Yes, Arrow to third box below Are the decontamination materials compatible with the materials to be decontaminated? If Yes, Arrow to fourth box below Can appropriate decontamination materials or process pose health or safety hazards?
If Yes, Arrow to fifth box below Can appropriate protective measures be institution. Continue to decision arrow below Additional Emergency Care Required? These procedures were derived from the U. This version of the guides is in a format that is more appropriate for use in the field. The procedures for decontaminating personnel upon leaving the contaminated area are addressed for each of the EPA, OERR designated levels of protection.
The procedures given are for the maximum and minimum amount of decontamination used for each level of protection. Each station emphasizes-an important aspect of decontamination. When establishing a decontamination line, each aspect should be incorporated separately or combined with other aspects into a procedure with fewer steps such as the Minimum Decontamination Procedures.
A cooling station is sometimes necessary within the decontamination line during hot weather. It is usually a location in a shaded area in which the wind can help to cool personnel. In addition, site conditions may permit the use of cooling devices such as cool water hose, ice packs, cool towels, etc. When the decontamination line is no longer required, contaminated wash and rinse solutions and contaminated articles must be contained and disposed of as hazardous wastes in compliance with state and federal regulations.
A series of three arrows in the upper right, one arrow 20 degrees above and the other arrow 20 degrees below the central arrow, indicate wind direction toward the HOTLINE. The Equipment Drop Area from left to right is indicated by a rectangle with a circle below indicating the location of the Plastic sheet and a right pointing arrow to another rectangle divided by a diagonal line into the Decon Outer Garments area and the Remove Boot Covers and Outer Gloves area with a circle below indicating the location of a 10 gallon can.
Another series of arrows pointing downward go to another rectangle, the Remove SCBA final decon area. Another series of arrows pointing downward go to another rectangle, the Remove Mask final decon area.
Deposit equipment used on site tools, sampling devices and containers, monitoring instruments, radios, clipboards, etc. During hot weather operations, a cool down station may be set up within this area. Hazardous Response Support Division, Washington. January Hazardous Waste - Additional Resources Decontamination.
Decontamination Introduction Decontamination - the process of removing or neutralizing contaminants that have accumulated on personnel and equipment - is critical to health and safety at hazardous waste sites. Decontamination Plan A decontamination plan should be developed as part of the Site Safety Plan and set up before any personnel or equipment may enter areas where the potential for exposure to hazardous substances exists.
The decontamination plan should: Determine the number and layout of decontamination stations. Determine the decontamination equipment needed. Determine appropriate decontamination methods. Establish procedures to prevent contamination of clean areas. Establish methods and procedures to minimize worker contact with contaminants during removal of personal protective clothing and equipment PPE. Establish methods for disposing of clothing and equipment that are not completely decontaminated.
Prevention of Contamination The first step in decontamination is to establish Standard Operating Procedures that minimize contact with waste and thus the potential for contamination. For example: Stress work practices that minimize contact with hazardous substances e. Use remote sampling, handling, and container-opening techniques e. Protect monitoring and sampling instruments by bagging. Make openings in the bags for sample ports and sensors that must contact site materials.
Wear disposable outer garments and use disposable equipment where appropriate. Cover equipment and tools with a strippable coating which can be removed during decontamination. Encase the source of contaminants, e. Types of Contamination Contaminants can be located either on the surface of personal protective equipment or permeated into the PPE material.
In addition, laboratory personnel occupying the adjacent area, who have the potential to be exposed to chemical splashes or other hazards are required to wear laboratory coats and protective eyewear. The Laboratory Supervisor will be responsible with technical assistance from the Chemical Hygiene Officer for selecting personal protective equipment, acquiring approved equipment, maintaining availability, and establishing equipment cleaning and disposal procedures as defined in appropriate standard operating procedures SOPs.
Exemptions to this policy for example, those performing laser alignments will be considered by the Safety Committee following submission of a formal petition for exemption.
The petition must explain the need for an exemption in writing and be approved by the Safety Committee and Chair to be approved. Laboratory workers should be advised on the proper selection, use and limitations of personal protective equipment before they are required to use the equipment. Personal protective equipment, excluding safety glasses and lab coats, should be removed before leaving work areas.
Typical prescription spectacles are not suitable eye protection. The Safety Committee, composed of faculty, staff, and students from the student-led Joint Safety Team JST , has raised concerns regarding the low compliance of appropriate personal protection equipment PPE in our research labs. Instructions on how to obtain prescription safety glasses free of cost can be found HERE.
Second Violation: The same or another researcher in the labs supervised by the PI receives a warning. The PI will meet with the Safety Committee to explain safety measures and culture in the lab. Third Violation: The PI will meet with the department chair and it will be noted in their annual evaluation.
Documentation of the meeting will be sought using DocuSign signed by the PI and researcher. Third Violation: The student will receive a "U" for research in the research course for that term, such as CHEM , and equivalent for undergraduates and graduate students in other program.
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