When was johannesburg founded

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The South African Railways which, at the time, held a monopoly on transport to this area opposed this application. February, over 60, persons living in Johannesburg's western areas, including Sophiatown, are removed from their homes at gun-point, in a massive military-style operation, and are resettled in an area which has since become known as Soweto.

Sophiatown is razed to the ground and, having been renamed Triomf, was given over to White, predominantly Afrikaner, low-income housing. These funds prove sufficient to build 14, homes, and the residents of Moroka and Shantytown are subsequently resettled there.

The Tomlinson Commission is appointed. This application had been pending for some 10 years. The Tomlinson Commission report is published. Over people are killed in the clashes which ensue between citizens and police. Timeline: Johannesburg April, Protests that began at Coloured schools in Cape Town in April spread to schools and colleges throughout the country, including Pretoria and Lenasia.

Hundreds of school children in Johannesburg are arrested. July, municipal workers go on strike in Johannesburg. More than are dismissed and police supervise their removal, arresting the chairman and secretary of the unrecognised Black Municipal Workers Union. Both are charged under the Sabotage Act. September, The government closes more than 70 Black schools, mostly in the Cape Province.

The boycott only ends in January after the Congress of SA Students decides to suspend the boycott. When the strike ends after eight weeks, the government bans four black newspapers, including the Post and Sunday Post. December, Eviction notices are served on 67 Indian families still staying in Pageview, but their eviction is halted after they lodge an application to avert their forced removal. More than people attend his funeral two days later on 11 February.

By June, the Security Police reveal that it recorded 60 attacks by the ANC in , compared to 19 in and 12 in In August , three ANC members are given the death sentence for attacks on Orlando and Moroka police stations and Wonderboom police station in Pretoria.

May, The UDF is launched. August, A bomb explodes in a synagogue in Johannesburg a few hours before State President Viljoen is due to attend a ceremony. An explosion at the offices of the Department of Foreign Affairs in Johannesburg becomes the 42nd such attack in the year.

The Vaal Triangle becomes the scene of the most sustained uprising in the history of the country. A strike by mineworkers is called and more than miners are injured. Mineworkers continue their strike and seven mineworkers are killed by police and 89 injured. Three townships south of Johannesburg — Sebokeng, Sharpeville and Boipatong — are sealed off by a force of soldiers, who carry out house searches and arrest people.

More violence breaks out in Sebokeng and police are under pressure in townships across the country. In response, police arrest trade unionists linked to UDF affiliates.

Following this refusal, UDF offices throughout the country are raided and more than activists are detained. Among these, 13 UDF leaders are taken into custody, and six of them are charged with high treason. In October the emergency is extended to Cape Town and seven surrounding areas. The emergency is lifted on 7 March , but is reinstated months later on 12 June , this time to last until , and extended to the entire country.

By June the remaining four are also acquitted. Her banning order comes to an end on 7 July , and she is free of all restriction for the first time in two decades. From September to 24 January , people were killed in incidents of political violence, and 3 injured.

There were 3 incidents of violence in the Western Cape. Elections for the Indian and Coloured chambers of Parliament in August are once again boycotted. PW Botha says that the low turnout does not invalidate the new constitution.

Despite the lifting of the emergency on 7 March, the month sees the highest number of deaths resulting from political clashes and state repression, with people dying. From September to March , people are estimated to have died. The two bodies issue a statement expressing their commitment to the overthrow of White supremacy 1 May, May Day sees the largest stay-away in South African history, with 1, 5-million people observing the call.

Later, on 16 June, a million workers stayed at home on the 12th anniversary of the student uprising. They remain until 19 October, having succeeded in publicising the plight of detainees. Chris Heunis is appointed Acting President. On 6 April, Botha announces that Parliament will be dissolved by the end of May, after which elections would be held. He announces that he will not stand for re-election.

May, Botha sets the date for the election as 6 September. Heunis also announces that he will resign and not stand for re-election, among a group of ministers who also resign. He resigns as president on 14 August. Police break up the meeting.