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Downing, an energetic young landscape designer and pattern-book author from Newburgh, New York. His books, Cottage Residences and The Architecture of Country Houses , were widely distributed and eagerly consulted for their drawings and descriptions of houses, floor plans, and landscaping that suited the changing times. Downing was primarily a landscape designer and social reformer rather than an architect.
He relied heavily on the designs of others, notably the English-born Calvert Vaux and fellow New Yorker Alexander Jackson Davis, to illustrate his books. That is not to say that Downing was committed solely to the Italianate style, however.
As it happened, though, most Italianates were built on smallish town or city lots, often quite close to neighboring buildings. Photo: James C. Its architect, Richard Upjohn, another English transplant, is best known for his Gothic church designs, but like many architects—including Vaux and Davis—he worked in both Gothic and Italian styles.
The King House is one of the earliest and most striking American examples of the villa. It displays a nearly perfect array of Italianate features, including a massive four-story tower; an asymmetrical but harmonious mix of porches, wings, and balconies; deep, bracketed eaves; and a panoply of round arches.
Other notable architects who practiced in the Italian style include John Notman of Philadelphia, who is credited with designing the very first Italianate villa on this side of the Atlantic in , the Bishop George Washington Doane House in Burlington, New Jersey. In North Carolina, A. The rise of mass-production meant that fashionable Italianate architectural details could be easily and affordably produced and applied to buildings to create a nod to the style, albeit in a simplified version.
The ideal Italianate home is built on enough land to highlight its connection to the outdoors in homage to the landscaping of the Tuscan countryside, with Picturesque details including follies, grottos, and landscaping that looked natural, lush, and spontaneous, and aspired to be as pretty as an oil painting. Italianate style spread from England throughout Northern Europe, the British Empire, and to the United States where it became the most popular style in America during the s after the Civil War.
The style spread across the U. Italianate architecture includes the following elements:. Actively scan device characteristics for identification. Use precise geolocation data. Select personalised content. They may be brick with pressed metal, stone, or wood ornamentation, or wood with wood ornamentation. The distinctive feature of nearly all Italianate houses is a cornice supported by brackets "bracketed cornice" and decorative, projecting window "heads" above openings.
Ornamentation of more elaborate brick houses, which are sometimes faced in smooth stone, may also include quoins and window decoration that vary from floor to floor. Italianate remained the preferred house style in the U. Italianate was also a common style for modest structures like barns and for larger public buildings such as town halls, libraries, and train stations.
You will find Italianate buildings in nearly every part of the United States except for the deep South. There are fewer Italianate buildings in the southern states because the style reached its peak during the Civil War, a time when the south was economically devastated.
Italianate was an early form of Victorian architecture. After the s, architectural fashion turned toward late Victorian styles such as Queen Anne. Italianate homes can be wood-sided or brick, with commercial and public properties often being masonry. The most common Italianate styles will often have many of these characteristics: a low-pitched or flat roof; a balanced, symmetrical rectangular shape; a tall appearance, with two, three, or four stories; wide, overhanging eaves with large brackets and cornices; a square cupola; a porch topped with balustraded balconies; tall, narrow, paired windows, often arched with hood moldings projecting above the windows; a side bay window, often two stories tall; heavily molded double doors; Roman or segmented arches above windows and doors; and rusticated quoins on masonry buildings.
Italianate house styles in America can seem like a mix of characteristics from different eras, and sometimes they are. The Italian-inspired Renaissance Revival homes are more palatial but still often confused with the Victorian Italianate style. The French-inspired Second Empire , like houses in the Italianate style, often feature a high, square tower. Beaux Arts buildings are grand and elaborate, often embracing Italianate ideas along with Classical. Even Neo-Mediterranean builders of the 20th century re-visited Italianate themes.
Victorian architecture encompasses a variety of popular styles, but ask yourself how picturesque each is. Italiante houses can be found across the United States. In Bloomington, Illinois you can visit Clover Lawn, built in This historic house by New York architect John Norris has been described as Italianate, most notably because of its urban garden landscaping.
To get the full sense of Italiante details, especially the roof, the observer must step back both physically and in time. Actively scan device characteristics for identification. Use precise geolocation data.
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