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This Day In History. Print Resources. Thomas Kelly, artist. The Fifteenth amendment. New York: Alfred R. African Americans were now citizens, but they still could not vote. In , Republicans in Congress proposed another amendment to address suffrage. The Fifteenth Amendment would guarantee protection against racial discrimination in voting.
Still, enough states approved the Fifteenth Amendment that it was adopted in Black men began voting in local, state, and national elections, and ran for political office. Their votes and leadership helped create access to jobs, housing, and education for African Americans.
However, in the s many Southern states passed laws that made it more difficult for African Americans to vote. The Fifteenth Amendment had a significant loophole: it did not grant suffrage to all men, but only prohibited discrimination on the basis of race and former slave status.
States could require voters to pass literacy tests or pay poll taxes -- difficult tasks for the formerly enslaved, who had little education or money. Constitution in Despite the amendment, by the late s discriminatory practices were used to prevent Black citizens from exercising their right to vote, especially in the South. Despite the amendment's passage, by the late s discriminatory practices were used to prevent Black citizens from exercising their right to vote, especially in the South. In , following the American Civil War and the abolishment of slavery , the Republican-dominated U.
The act divided the South into five military districts and outlined how new governments based on universal manhood suffrage were to be established. With the adoption of the 15th Amendment in , a politically mobilized African American community joined with white allies in the Southern states to elect the Republican Party to power, which brought about radical changes across the South. By late , all the former Confederate states had been readmitted to the Union, and most were controlled by the Republican Party thanks to the support of Black voters.
Congress , when he was elected to the U. Although Black Republicans never obtained political office in proportion to their overwhelming electoral majority, Revels and a dozen other Black men served in Congress during Reconstruction, more than served in state legislatures and many more held local offices. In the late s, the Southern Republican Party vanished with the end of Reconstruction, and Southern state governments effectively nullified both the 14th Amendment passed in , it guaranteed citizenship and all its privileges to African Americans and the 15th amendment, stripping Black citizens in the South of the right to vote.
In the ensuing decades, various discriminatory practices including poll taxes and literacy tests—along with Jim Crow laws, intimidation and outright violence—were used to prevent African Americans from exercising their right to vote.
Johnson on August 6, , aimed to overcome all legal barriers at the state and local levels that denied African Americans their right to vote under the 15th Amendment.
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