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District Court, seeking to have the busing segregation laws totally invalidated. Many Black residents chose simply to walk to work or other destinations. Black leaders organized regular mass meetings to keep African American residents mobilized around the boycott.
On June 5, , a Montgomery federal court ruled that any law requiring racially segregated seating on buses violated the 14th Amendment to the U. That amendment, adopted in following the U. Civil War , guarantees all citizens—regardless of race—equal rights and equal protection under state and federal laws. The city appealed to the U.
It had lasted days. Integration, however, met with significant resistance and even violence. While the buses themselves were integrated, Montgomery maintained segregated bus stops.
Snipers began firing into buses, and one shooter shattered both legs of a pregnant African American passenger. On January 30, , the Montgomery police arrested seven bombers; all were members of the Ku Klux Klan , a white supremacist group. The arrests largely brought an end to the busing-related violence. The Montgomery Bus Boycott was significant on several fronts.
First, it is widely regarded as the earliest mass protest on behalf of civil rights in the United States, setting the stage for additional large-scale actions outside the court system to bring about fair treatment for African Americans. Second, in his leadership of the MIA, Martin Luther King emerged as a prominent national leader of the civil rights movement while also solidifying his commitment to nonviolent resistance. The boycott also brought national and international attention to the civil rights struggles occurring in the United States, as more than reporters visited Montgomery during the boycott to profile the effort and its leaders.
Rosa Parks, while shying from the spotlight throughout her life, remained an esteemed figure in the history of American civil rights activism. In , the U. Congress awarded her its highest honor, the Congressional Gold Medal.
But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! Subscribe for fascinating stories connecting the past to the present. All the states in the US had to follow these acts. The verdict of the US Supreme Court also helped in reinforcing other cases and this proved a great help in furthering the cause of the Civil Rights Movement. The refusal of Rosa Parks to give up her seat in the bus and her subsequent arrest led to a cascade of events that finally ended segregation in Montgomery, Alabama.
Over people volunteered their car for a car pool and roughly pickup stations operated within the city. To help fund the car pool, the MIA held mass gatherings at various African American churches where donations were collected and members heard news about the success of the boycott. Fred Gray, member and lawyer of the MIA, organized a legal challenge to the city ordinances requiring segregation on Montgomery buses. Before , the Plessy v. Ferguson decision ruled that segregation was constitutional as long as it was equal.
Yet, the Brown v. Board of Education U. Supreme Court decision outlawed segregation in public schools. Therefore, it opened the door to challenge segregation in other areas as well, such as city busing. All four of the women had been previously mistreated on the city buses because of their race. The case took the name Browder v. Gray argued their 14th Amendment right to equal protection of the law was violated, the same argument made in the Brown v. Board of Education case. On June 5, , a three-judge U.
District Court ruled that segregation on public buses was unconstitutional. The majority cited Brown v. Ferguson has been impliedly, though not explicitly, overruled,…there is now no rational basis upon which the separate but equal doctrine can be validly applied to public carrier transportation The city of Montgomery appealed the U. District Court decision to the U. Supreme Court and continued to practice segregation on city busing.
For nearly a year, buses were virtually empty in Montgomery. Boycott supporters walked to work--as many as eight miles a day--or they used a sophisticated system of carpools with volunteer drivers and dispatchers.
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