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In addition to sponsoring the western expedition of Lewis and Clark of , Jefferson also set his sights on Spanish Florida , a process that was finally concluded in under President James Monroe. But critics of that treaty faulted Monroe and his secretary of state, John Quincy Adams , for yielding to Spain what they considered legitimate claims on Texas , where many Americans continued to settle. Nonetheless, there were still more Anglo settlers in Texas than Hispanic ones, and in , after Texas won its own independence , its new leaders sought to join the United States.
The administrations of both Andrew Jackson and Martin Van Buren resisted such calls, fearing both war with Mexico and opposition from Americans who believed calls for annexation were linked with the desire to expand slavery in the Southwest.
But John Tyler , who won the presidency in , was determined to proceed with the annexation. An agreement concluded in April made Texas eligible for admission as a U. Despite opposition to this agreement in Congress, the pro-annexation candidate James K. Polk won the election, and Tyler was able to push the bill through and sign it before he left office. By the time Texas was admitted to the Union as a state in December , the idea that the United States must inevitably expand westward all the way to the Pacific Ocean had taken firm hold among people from different regions, classes and political persuasions.
An treaty between Great Britain and the United States partially resolved the question of where to draw the Canadian border, but left open the question of the Oregon Territory, which stretched from the Pacific Coast to the Rocky Mountains over an area including what is now Oregon, Idaho , Washington State and most of British Columbia.
But as president, Polk wanted to get the issue resolved so the United States could move on to acquiring California from Mexico.
In mid, his administration agreed to a compromise whereby Oregon would be split along the 49th parallel, narrowly avoiding a crisis with Britain. By the time the Oregon question was settled, the United States had entered into all-out war with Mexico, driven by the spirit of Manifest Destiny and territorial expansion.
Despite the lofty idealism of Manifest Destiny, the rapid territorial expansion over the first half of the 19th century resulted not only in war with Mexico, but in the dislocation and brutal mistreatment of Native American , Hispanic and other non-European occupants of the territories now being occupied by the United States. Julius W. S House of Representatives. Start your free trial today. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us!
Subscribe for fascinating stories connecting the past to the present. The cowboy played an important role during the era of U. Though they originated in Mexico, American cowboys created a style and reputation all their own.
Throughout history, their iconic lifestyle has been glamorized in countless books, movies and The Louisiana Purchase of brought into the United States about , square miles of territory from France, thereby doubling the size of the young republic.
What was known at the time as the Louisiana Territory stretched from the Mississippi River in the east to the Rocky The California Gold Rush was sparked by the discovery of gold nuggets in the Sacramento Valley in early and was arguably one of the most significant events to shape American history during the first half of the 19th century.
As news spread of the discovery, thousands of In a speech to Congress in , President James Monroe warned European powers not to attempt further colonization or otherwise interfere in the Western Hemisphere, stating that the United States would view any such interference as a potentially hostile act. Indian Removal was considered vital for the progress of the nation and its citizens. This is a cause of lamentation with many.
For my part, I cannot murmur at what seems to be the effect of divine law. I cannot repine that is this Capitol has replace the wigwam-this Christian people, replaced the savages-white matrons, the red squaws. Mere expansionist rhetoric quickly turned to governmental action due to the convictions of President Andrew Jackson. Jackson, a prominent supporter of Indian Removal and mastermind behind the Trail of Tears the relocation of the native tribes in the old southwest , became the legislative muscle behind manifest destiny.
Once again, the common theme of westward expansion was improvement. To improve the land left wild by the natives, Jackson, with the support of the citizens of the United States of America, removed native peoples from their ancestral lands and opened up the territories for white colonization. Andrew Jackson: 7th President of the United States
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