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Along with the big toe, joints that are commonly affected are the lesser toe joints, the ankle, and the knee. Top of Page. Gout is caused by a condition known as hyperuricemia, where there is too much uric acid in the body. The body makes uric acid when it breaks down purines, which are found in your body and the foods you eat. When there is too much uric acid in the body, uric acid crystals monosodium urate can build up in joints, fluids, and tissues within the body.
Hyperuricemia does not always cause gout, and hyperuricemia without gout symptoms does not need to be treated. A medical doctor diagnoses gout by assessing your symptoms and the results of your physical examination, X-rays, and lab tests. Gout can only be diagnosed during a flare when a joint is hot, swollen, and painful and when a lab test finds uric acid crystals in the affected joint. The disease should be diagnosed and treated by a doctor or a team of doctors who specialize in care of gout patients.
This is important because the signs and symptoms of gout are not specific and can look like signs and symptoms of other inflammatory diseases.
Doctors who specialize in gout and other forms of arthritis are called rheumatologists. To find a provider near you, visit the database of rheumatologists external icon on the American College of Rheumatology website.
Once a rheumatologist has diagnosed and effectively treated your gout, a primary care provider can usually track your condition and help you manage your gout. Gout can be effectively treated and managed with medical treatment and self-management strategies.
Doctors typically aim to reduce the amount of uric acid in the blood, which contributes to gout symptoms. According to Johns Hopkins Arthritis Center , a gout flare-up typically reaches its peak within 12—24 hours of the initial onset. Treatment should lead the symptoms to return to normal within a few days of the flare-up.
As treatment shortens the duration of flare-ups, they typically last for about 7—14 days without it. Treatment can also reduce symptom severity. However, colchicine can cause side effects, such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Common symptoms during a gout flare-up include :. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC note that gout is most common in the big toe but that it also frequently affects other joints, such as the knee, ankle, and other toes.
Treatment can reduce the severity and duration of a flare-up, but people can also take steps at home to manage the symptoms. During a flare-up, the American College of Rheumatology suggests treatments that include:. A person should work with their doctor to determine the best medications for their situation. They should make the doctor aware of how well the medications are working and whether there are any side effects.
The Arthritis Foundation provides several tips for managing a flare-up, including:. Learn what foods to eat on a low purine diet. To avoid flare-ups in the future, the CDC recommends:. Diet can affect the symptoms of gout. This means avoiding:. The DASH diet primarily involves fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean meats, while the Mediterranean diet is rich in vegetables, whole grains, fish, and unsaturated fats.
Anyone who experiences an episode of gout symptoms for the first time should speak with a doctor. The doctor can help the person determine the best course of treatment, which is likely to include dietary changes and home remedies. It is worth contacting a doctor if the recommended treatments are causing side effects or not working. In these cases, doctors can adjust the treatment plan accordingly. A person with gout should also talk with their doctor if their gout flare-up is lasting longer than usual or the symptoms are worsening.
Gout flare-ups are painful episodes that can last for 1—2 weeks. It recommends you eat in a balanced and healthy way. Maintaining a healthy weight is also important as being overweight increases your likelihood for gout flare-ups.
Being overweight also increases the intensity of flare-ups and makes them harder to manage. Research has shown that losing weight, even without restricting purine intake, lowers uric acid levels.
If you have a history of gout, these foods may help control your uric acid levels and reduce your risk for flare-ups:.
A diagnosis of gout is important so that you can know how to effectively treat it. Once diagnosed, your doctor will give you lots of advice on how to manage the condition should it return.
Seek immediate medical attention if you have a fever and a red or inflamed joint. This could be a sign of an infection, which may require treatment. Making healthy lifestyle choices will not only help to manage the intensity of the pain of gout during a flare-up, but it can also prevent future episodes from occurring. If you do have a flare-up, take over-the-counter anti-inflammatory medicine as soon as your symptoms begin, and rest and ice the affected joint.
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